Topography?Supported Nanoarchitectonics of Hybrid Scaffold for Systematically Modulated Bone Regeneration and Remodeling

Orthopedic implants should have sufficient strength and promote bone tissue regeneration. However, most conventional are optimized for use either under high mechanical load or active osseointegration. To achieve the dual target of durability biocompatibility, polyether ether ketone (PEEK) filaments reinforced with internal titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles via dopamine-induced polymerization additively manufactured into an orthopedic implant through material extrusion (ME). The exterior PEEK/TiO2 composite is coated hydroxyapatite (HA) using radiofrequency (RF) magnetron sputtering to increase both biocompatibility provided by homogeneous ceramic–ceramic interactions protuberant nanoscale topography between TiO2 nanoparticle reinforcement external HA coating. hardness, tensile, compression, scratch test results demonstrate a considerable enhancement in hierarchical PEEK/TiO2/HA hybrid structure compared that 3D-printed PEEK. Furthermore, PEEK improves proliferation differentiation cells vitro, whereas coating leads more prevalent osteoblast absorption. Micro-computed tomography histological analyses confirm new formation bone-to-implant contact ratio on HA-coated nanoparticles.